Effect of Total Methanolic Extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum on Lipemia and Blood Pressure in Rats Made Diabetic by Streptozotocin

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum (Sapotaceae) on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension to diabetic induced rats. This study was conducted at the biochemical pharmacodynamic laboratory of Felix Houphouet Boigny University (Côte d’Ivoire) during the period from August 2015 to February 2016.

Methodology: The plant extract was obtained from the bark of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum. These peels were harvested, dried, ground and extracted in methanol (96%). The phytochemical screening permits us to characterize the different components of our plant extract. Then, fifteen (15) rats were used to induce diabetes with streptozotocin (55 mg / kg bw) for seven (7) days. These ​​diabetics rats were then treated with two doses of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum (200 et 400 mg/kg bw) and Avandia (10 et 20 mg/kg bw) our reference molecule. To assess the effect of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum, we determined the levels of insulin, lipids and blood sugar levels throughout treatment.

Results: The results showed that phytochemical analysis of total methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum contains alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols. After 7 days of treatment with total methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum, blood sugar in diabetic rats significantly decreased (P <.001) from 1.93±.05 to 1.40±.00 for the dose to 200 and 1.93±.05 to 1.23±.02 g / L for the dose 400 mg/kg bw. Similarly total methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum normalized blood pressure, all of lipids, urea and creatinine previously increased in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: The treatment of diabetic rats with total methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum corrects these disruptions and improves resistance against diabetes. This action is related to its chemical composition characterized by the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids. Thus, this extract may play a preventive role in the development of diabetes especially through improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.