Biochemical Characteristics of Mangoes Cultivated in Chad: Characterisation of the Functional Diversity

Mango is one of the most consumed fruits in Chad and several varieties are cultivated there. However, their biochemical characteristics are still unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of mango varieties cultivated in Chad. Moisture, dry matter, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lycopene b-carotene contents, pH and total soluble solids were determined in ripened mango fruits with firmness between 2 and 3 kgf. The results showed that Mangotine, José Tchad and Bangui mango varieties had a significantly higher total soluble solids (19.37 to 20.86°Brix) and dry matter content (24.57 to 25.48%), while Maïduguri, Kent and Smith varieties were richer in water (80.20 to 80.75%). The José Tchad variety also had the highest pH (4.74) and the highest b-carotene content (0.11 mg/10 g). The peels of all varieties of mangoes were richer in b-carotene than their pulp. Lycopene was found in the peel and pulp of some mango varieties, and the peel of Mangotine contain more lycopene than the pulp. The results indicated a functional diversity of Chad mango varieties as related to some biochemical features. Furthermore, besides the pulp, the peel of these fruits could be considered as an important alternative source of b-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.