Relationship between Dose and Duration of Administration of Potassium Bromate on Selected Electrolytes and Hepatorenal Parameters in Male Albino Wistar Rats

Aim: To monitor the effects of dosage and duration of administering KBrO3 on some electrolytes and hepatorenal parameters in male albino Wistar rats.

Study Design: 24 rats, mean weight of 181.3 g were grouped into 4 with 6 rats of each. Experiment spanned over 12 days. In the control group, animals were fed standard diet. Animals in the test groups were fed diet containing 67, 100 and 167 mg/kg dose of KBrO3 according to body weight. 2 rats from each group were sacrificed on the 4th, 8th and 12th days.

Place and Duration of Study: University of Jos; 1 month including writing the report.

Methods: Spectrophotometric and titrimetric techniques were applied. InStat3 statistical software was used to analyse the data obtained. P≤.05 was considered significant.

Results: on the 4th day at 67mg/kg dose, showed raised serum activities (IU) of ALT, 41.0±9.6, and AST, 130.2±31.53, (P=.05). At 100 mg/kg dose, serum activities of ALT, 52.12±1.12, AST, 180.0±0.41, and level (g/L) of Total Proteins, TP, 67.77±0.35, were elevated (P=.05).On the 8th day at 67mg/kg dose, there were no significant increases (P>.05). At 100 mg/kg dose, only AST activity, 98.0±43.86, increased (P=.05). Levels of urea (UR) and creatinine (CR) were lower than the control at both 60 and 100 mg/kg dose. At 167mg/kg dose, level of TP and activities of ALT, and AST increased (P=.05) relative control. On the 12thday, treatments at 67 mg/kg dose raised the activities of ALT and AST (P=.05).At 100 mg/kg dose, level of creatinine, 106±19.2 µmol/L, was significantly (P=.05) elevated. For urea, mmol/L, test groups results (4.26±1.39; 6.70±2.01; 21.07±2.21) were higher (P=.05) relative control group. Activities of AST and ALP were raised (P=.05). On the 12th day at 167 mg/kg dose, TP, ALT, AST and ALP significantly (P=.05) elevated implying toxicity of KBrO3 is both dose and duration of exposure-depended. On 4th and 8th day of treatment, mean level of Cl- was significantly (P=.05) raised whereas HCO3- was not significantly (P>.05) increased. 12th day of experimentation resulted in dose, and duration of exposure dependent increase concentration of Cl- (P=.05).

Conclusion: This compound could potentially cause injury to, especially hepatocytes and nephrons. It can also perturb the redox status of the cell with its attendant metabolic consequences; hence, moderate use is imperative.