In vitro Apical Shoot Culture and Callus Formation of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray)

Backgroud: Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray), A tropical fruit with high nutritional and commercial value, is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, growing durian is fraught with difficulties. Propagation is the traditional method for conserving plants. This method does have some drawbacks, one of which is that the original tree may suffer as a result. Therefore, a contemporary method for growing durian plants is plant tissue culture.

Aim: The objective of this research is creating a premise for the development of durian high-value varieties by biotechnology, specifically setting up the first step closer to develop durian somatic cell formation protocol in vitro.

Methodology: Effects of media MS on shoot culture and Kinetin and 2.4D on callus formation and growth. Experiments were designed by randomized complete block (RCB).

Results: There are not significant difference between two treatments of 0.1 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) added to 1/3xMS and free hormone medium, in an effort to preserve high-value durian varieties. There is research on formating callus from young leaves of durian affected by Kinetin and 2.4D. The outcomes demonstrated that MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2.4D had an impact on the formation of callus on leaves. The combination of 1.0 mg/L Kinetin + 4.0 mg/L 2.4D make a significant to induce callus growth and callus area. Callus was white color, fresh and soft.

Conclusion: the combination of Kinetin + 2.4D was finding the best combination to maintain the survival of callus induction and growth; coconut water treatment was highly effective in sustaining fresh callus.