Plasma Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases and Healthy Persons, in Sana'a City, Yemen

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of all disease loads and accounts for almost half of all fatalities. The early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) has drawn a lot of attention because it is anticipated that the global burden of cardiovascular disease will rise by almost 75% by 2020. They are easily oxidized, which causes an increase in affinity for arterial proteoglycans and a decrease in affinity for LDL receptors. It demonstrates significant CAD importance.

Objective: The measurement of plasma lipid profiles and apolipoproteins (ApoA-1, ApoB, and Apo B/A-1 ratio) in healthy individuals and patients suffering from coronary artery disease.

Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 90 Yemeni subjects aged 45 to 70 years were divided into three groups: Group I: 30 cases as CAD positive (CAD+). Group II: 30 cases CAD negative (CAD -). Group III: 30 healthy person was as control. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect demographic and clinical data from participants. Venous blood (10 ml) was collected from each individual and divided into two portions. The first portion was 5 ml in plain tubes, ApoA-1 and Apo B vacuum tubes for freezing at -20°C until analysis. 5ml in a plain tube for measuring fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile.

Results: ApoB and Apo B/A ratios were significantly higher in CAD+ and CAD− subjects compared to controls. In addition, ApoB and Apo B/A ratios were significantly higher in CAD+ subjects compared to CAD- subjects. (P. value =0.002). In contrast, Apo A-1 was significant in CAD+ compared to CAD- and controls, and not significantly different between CAD and controls P. value = (0.001, 0.032). Furthermore, FBS and LDL-c were significantly higher in CAD+ compared to CAD subjects (P value = 0.05). In contrast, HDL-c was significantly lower in CAD+ compared to CAD and controls, with no significant difference between CAD and controls (P value=0.038, 0.004, 0.70). However, TG was not substantially different between CAD- and controls, but it was significantly greater in CAD+ compared to controls (P. value =0.002, 0.09, 0.31). Nevertheless, there was no difference in TC between study groups (P. value = 0.08, 0.12, 0.98).

Conclusions: The degree of CAD is significantly positively correlated with WHR. More important than overall obesity, abdominal obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). A significant positive connection has been observed between the Apo B/Apo A ratio and CAD. One thing to think about as a CAD risk factor is Apo B.