Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Circadian Rhythms and AMD: Advanced Study

This work reviews concepts regarding oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which endogenous
and exogenous factors produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also surveys the relationships
between oxidative stress, circadian rhythms, and retinal damage in humans, particularly those related
to light and photodamage. In the first section, the production of ROS by different cell organelles and
biomolecules and the antioxidant mechanisms that antagonize this damage are reviewed. The second
section includes a brief review of circadian clocks and their relationship with the cellular redox state. In
the third part of this work, the relationship between retinal damage and ROS is described. The last
part of this work focuses on retinal degenerative pathology, age-related macular degeneration, and
the relationships between this pathology, ROS and light. Finally, the possible interactions between the
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), circadian rhythms, and this pathology are discussed.