Exploring Sustainable Practices in Modern Agronomy and their Environmental Impact- A Review

The field of agronomy is undergoing a seismic shift towards sustainability, driven by an increasing understanding of the long-term benefits and a global urgency to act against climate change. It aims to explore the multifaceted realm of sustainable agronomy, scrutinizing its practices, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. It delve into the types of sustainable practices currently in use, such as crop rotation, organic farming, and conservation tillage, highlighting their positive impact on soil health, water quality, and biodiversity. We also offer a comparative analysis, contrasting these sustainable practices with conventional methods in terms of yield, economic benefits, and environmental impact. Also, dedicated to policy implications, discussing existing government policies that support sustainable practices and offering recommendations for further policy interventions. Case studies from India and abroad serve to demonstrate the practical application and success of these methods. The transition to sustainable agronomy is fraught with challenges. Technological needs, such as the requirement for advanced machinery and analytics tools, can be a hurdle, especially for small-scale farmers. Educational gaps also present a significant challenge, as current agronomy curricula in many parts of the world are not geared towards sustainable practices. Financial constraints, often exacerbated by inadequate support systems, add another layer of complexity to the transition. Despite these challenges, the review identifies multiple avenues for future research, including the development of cost-effective technologies, educational reforms, and alternative financing models to support farmers.