Succinct Review Article on Male Sterility Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment

Background: Interspecific hybrid male sterility is a common occurrence in nature and plays a vital role in species reproductive isolation. Recently several studies have suggested a decline in the quality of semen. About half of the infertile causes are in men; the rate increases in the infertile couples. Some therapy for male sterility; medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (ART). Medicinal effects are not expected, and surgical cases are localized for indication. Moreover, since most male sterility is idiopathic insufficiency of spermatogenesis, a recent tendency in the male-sterile therapy is ART such as IVF-ET, ICSI, TESE, etc.

In oncology and Graves' disease, retraction of the thyroid gland is implicated in the pathogenesis of destruction of the endocrine glands, extraneous division of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves, collapsed lung associated with cardiovascular destruction, or the possibility of remnant glandular tissue is remaining. This research aimed to identify how common thyroid gland anomalies in anatomy and development are to reduce the risks of thyroid surgical problems. There were a total of 20 corpses dissected. The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, the levator glandule thyroideae, or the half or total disappearance of the isthmus has all been investigated. The gland's right and left lobes were measured length, maximal transverse, and anteroposterior extent. The bulk of these anatomical discrepancies can be attributed to an organogenesis mistake. Thyroid dysgenesis comprises ectopic thyroid, hemiparesis, hemiagensis, hypoplasia, and anatomical abnormalities in the thyroid gland produced by improper organogenesis.